U.S.(Washington Insider Magazine) – The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) is recalibrating its nuclear deterrence strategy to address the rising challenges posed by multiple nuclear peer adversaries, particularly China and Russia. As these nations expand, diversify, and modernize their nuclear arsenals, the DOD recognizes the need for continued adaptation in its approach to maintaining a credible nuclear deterrent.
The Changing Landscape of Nuclear Deterrence
Richard C. Johnson, deputy assistant secretary of defense for nuclear and countering weapons of mass destruction policy, highlighted that the U.S. now faces a security environment where multiple nuclear competitors are enhancing the role nuclear weapons play in their national security strategies. These developments may require adjustments to the 2022 Nuclear Posture Review to ensure the U.S. can sustain effective deterrence capabilities.
Johnson emphasized that while the logic of nuclear deterrence remains sound, the current modernization program, though necessary, might not suffice in the face of evolving nuclear threats. The U.S. remains committed to a safe, secure, and reliable nuclear deterrent, he assured, but enhancing its capabilities and flexibility is crucial to meet the demands of the future.
New Capabilities and Enhancements
To address these challenges, the DOD, in collaboration with the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), has already initiated efforts to bolster nuclear deterrence. These include the deployment of the B61-13 gravity bomb, a modernized version of the B61, which will be delivered by aircraft. Additionally, the readiness of Ohio-class submarines armed with nuclear weapons has been heightened.
Johnson also discussed the 791 Report, submitted to Congress on November 15, which outlines changes to U.S. nuclear employment strategy in response to the growing and diversifying nuclear arsenals of potential adversaries. The report emphasizes the need to deter multiple nuclear-armed adversaries simultaneously and integrate non-nuclear capabilities to support the nuclear deterrence mission.
Escalation Management and Extended Deterrence
The report stresses the importance of escalation management, particularly in responding to limited nuclear attacks or significant non-nuclear strategic threats. It also calls for enhanced consultation and coordination with U.S. allies and partners, aiming to strengthen extended deterrence commitments.
While deterrence remains a cornerstone of U.S. strategy, the report acknowledges that arms control, risk reduction, and nuclear nonproliferation efforts are also indispensable in mitigating strategic dangers.
Preparing for Future Challenges
Grant Schneider, vice deputy director for strategic stability at the Joint Staff, noted the necessity of extensive intellectual and analytical work to foresee a range of scenarios that could arise in the 2030s. He stressed the importance of modernizing U.S. nuclear forces, command and control systems, and related infrastructure to remain flexible in the face of new threats or potential delays in modernization efforts.
As the global security environment evolves, the U.S. is making adjustments to its nuclear strategy to ensure it remains prepared for the challenges of the future while strengthening its deterrence capabilities.
